✓ A real-name system is a system in which users can register an account on a blog, website or bulletin board system using their legal name. Users are required to provide identification credentials and their legal name. A public pseudonym can also be used, but the person’s identity is available to legal authorities for use in criminal investigations. Real-name systems are employed on websites such as Facebook and Quora. South Korea was the first country to put an internet real-name system into practice. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-name_system) ✓ The law required Web users to verify their identities by submitting their Resident Registration Numbers (a national identification number) before posting to election-related websites. (https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/Caragliano_Stanford_Paper_Apr_5_2013.pdf) ✓ “Freedom of expression is important, but many people suffer from too much malicious comments from people hiding behind anonymity. I believe the bill(quasi-real name system, 준실명제) ensures maximum anonymity and minimal accountability”, said Rep. Park Dae-chool of the People’s Power Party. (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2022/02/113_124290.html) *Quasi-real name system: A system where all net users are required to disclose their IDs and IPs to upload posts or comments. ✓ According to a research done in 2009, the percentage of comments and posts containing abusive language decreased by 3%p(5.1% -> 2.1%). (https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0103_201910181651464762) ✓ The purpose of introducing the real-name Internet system was to prevent malicious postings or comments. However, it is widely believed that the effect is unclear. They say that there is no reason to say that malicious postings or comments have decreased significantly after the real-name system was implemented. Instead, there are many side effects such as leakage of personal information.